What is the easiest method to change an Access database
into a self-sufficient program that anyone can open
without having Access. What software do you need to
develop such a program?
There is no method to do so. Access simply does not provide this
capability.
The two options I'd suggest are purchasing the Office Developers'
Edition for your version of Access; this doesn't let you compile a
..mdb into a program, but it does allow you to create a royalty-free
"runtime" version of Access which can be installed on computers which
don't have retail Access, enabling them to use your database (but not
to make any design changes to it).
Or, you can use the .mdb file simply as a container for tables, and
write your own custom application in Visual Basic - roughly twice the
programming effort of designing the same application in Access, but
certainly doable. You probably will not be able to salvage much other
than the layout design from your Access Forms and Reports.