No, this is not possible.
In order to distribute Access database applications to users without Access
installed on their computers, you would need to own MS Office - Developer's
Edition. This allows you to create a royalty-free runtime distribution
which allows users to open and run an Access database but excludes design
capabilities.
There is more information on this subject in the following news groups:
microsoft.public.access.developers.toolkitode
microsoft.public.access.devtoolkits