You can put this into the ControlSource of a text box:
=[Report].[Filter]
Trouble is, sometimes the Filter property contains an artifact from a
previous filter, even though the filter is not applied. On a form you could
sort this out by testing the FilterOn property, but Access doesn't maintain
this property reliably for reports.
A better solution is to pass the filter to the report in its OpenArgs (or
use a public string variable for Access 2000 or earlier.) Here's some sample
code that does that (as well as some other stuff):
http://allenbrowne.com/AppPrintMgtCode.html#OpenTheReport