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Message: [QUOTE="zvkmpw, post: 3869818"] Here's an explanation, in two parts. First, OFFSET(a,b,c) returns the value of a cell that's displaced from a starting cell, vertically and horizontally. The starting cell is a; the displacements are b and c. Because b and c can be formulas, the displacements can be calculated from the values of other cells. Second, building on the above, the longer form OFFSET(a,b,c,d,e) returns an array of values. The height and width of the array are d and e. Because d and e can be formulas, the height and width can be calculated from the values of other cells. When d and e are both one, the outcome is the same as with the shorter form in the preceding paragraph. Because the result is an array here, it can appear in a formula where an array can appear; for example, SUM(OFFSET(...)) or AVERAGE(OFFSET(...)) or COUNT(OFFSET(...))or MAX(OFFSET(...))or SUMIF(OFFSET(...),x,OFFSET(...)). In the original post, "current expense" uses the shorter form of OFFSET. The displacement is horizontal only, calculated from the user- input month. Next, "average" and "YTD total" use the longer form of OFFSET. The array is one row high; its width is calculated from the user-input month. Hope this helps. [/QUOTE]